〔Abstract〕 At present, the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing globally, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common chronic complications of DM. The most clinically severe form of DPN is diabetic peripheral neuralgia, in which patients often experience symmetrical limb pain with various paresthesia, especially distal.The current drugs used to treat DPN are not effective, on the one hand, because of the lack of understanding of the pathogenesis and non-traditional risk factors of DPN, on the other hand, the lack of efficacy and side effects of existing drugs also limit the clinical application. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the pathogenesis and new risk factors of DPN, and formulate targeted interventions to prevent the occurrence and development of DPN.